Which organization conducts comprehensive reviews of pesticides as required by FIFRA?

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the organization responsible for conducting comprehensive reviews of pesticides as mandated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). FIFRA establishes a regulatory framework for the assessment of pesticides to ensure they do not pose unreasonable risks to human health or the environment. The EPA evaluates the safety, efficacy, and environmental impact of pesticide products before they can be sold or used in the United States.

This process involves rigorously reviewing scientific data submitted by pesticide manufacturers, considering potential health effects, environmental consequences, and the overall benefits and risks associated with the use of a particular pesticide. The EPA's role is crucial in maintaining public safety and environmental protection, which contrasts with the other organizations mentioned. The U.S. Department of Agriculture primarily focuses on agricultural practices, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is concerned with public health aspects, and the National Institutes of Health is involved in medical research rather than pesticide regulation. Thus, the EPA is the key federal agency that ensures pesticides meet safety standards before they enter the market.